Pulling-over machine.



R. E. GRAIN 8: I. J. SGHARHAG.

MILLING-OVER MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAIL, 1910.

1,051,561 Patented m 28, 1913.

B. E. GRAIN & F. J. SGHARHAG. PULLING-OVBB MACHINE.

APPLIOATIOI ruzn 1,511.24, 1910.

R. E. GRAIN & F. J. SGHARHAG. PULLING-OVER MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.24, 1910.

1,051,561, Patented Jan.28,1913.

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R. E. GRAIN & P. J. SCHARHAG. PULLING-OVBR MAORI NE.

APPLICATION FILED JAN.24, 1910.

1,051 ,561. v Patented Jan. 28, 1913.

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R. E. GRAIN & P. J. SCHARHAG. PULLING-OVEB. MACHINE.

APPLICATION I'LL-ED JAILM, 1910. 1,051,561 Patented Jan 28, 1913.

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B E. GRAIN & F. J. SGHARHAG.

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R. E. 0mm & I. J. SGHARHAG. PULLING-OVEB MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED JAN.24, 1910.

1,051.5 Patented Jan. 28, 1913.

FTroRA Ey.

R. E. GRAIN & P. J.- SGHARHAG.

PULLING-OVER MACHINE.

APPLICATION TILED 11x24. 1910.

1,051,561. Patented Jan. 28, 1913.

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BUDOLF' ERNST 01mm AND FRANZ .rosnrrr 'SCHARHAG, or rnlmKFon'r-oN-rHEmm, enmuuw, ASSIGNORS 'ro MASCHINENFABRIK momms a 6., OF FRANK-r'oa'r-on-rnn-mam, GERMANY, A conrom'rron.

wntmmov nn MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed January 24, 1910. Serial No. 539,750.

and FRANZ JOSEPH SCHARHAG, a subject of the Grand-Duke .of Hesse-Nassau,residing at 100 MoltkeAllee, both of Frankfort-onthe-Main, in theKingdom of Prussia and Em, ire of German have invented new and use 1Improvements in Pulling-Over Machines, ofwhichthe following is aspecification.

It isafact wellknown by those engaged in themanufacture of bootsandshoes that the machines employed for pulling the upperover' the lastand temporarily connecting it with the inner sole can only accomplis'hwork capable of comparing favorablywith hand work, if theautomaticity ofthe machine is only carried to such an extent that the skill of theoperator is still available, In machines hitherto in use for performingthis part (of the lasting operation' the aforenamed fact has not beentaken into consideration, or only to a very limited extent.

The present invention relates to a means for-pulling overthe uppers ofboots, shoes, andjthe like, which for the first time confines the workof pulling over to its proper functions, and resolves the same into itscomponent operations, carried out precisely in-conformity with theirtechnological signification, a-clear distinction being made between suchoperations as cannot be withdrawn from the judgment and discrimination'of the workman without reducing the quality of the work (criticaloperations) and such as require merely mechan1cal manipulations(mechanical operations).

Based uponthese considerations the invention consists in firstperforming all the criticaloperations and then all; the mechanicaloperations. 1.

Foi '%'fcarry1ng' this invention into effect,-

use i's-ifiade of a pulling over machine which preserlitesjto thefullest extent the peculiar character of the critical operations, thelatter 'being'cont-rolled by the workman, who canjudge'and rectify themin detail as well as'in their total action as long as it is neces sary'to maintain their final efiect, whereupon all the mechanical operationsare acoomplished in a perfectly automatic "manner.

over in boot and following:-

1. The correct positioning of the upper on the last.-

2.. The proper gripping of theedge of the shoe work comprise the ppperleather by means of pincers or the, 1 e.

3. The stretching of the upper over the last until the leather hasreceived the proper set. 1

'4. The turning of the edge of the uppen the bottom df the lastor to theinner sole.

The above five steps comprise in general Patented Jan. 28, 1913. a

The operations required for the pullingall the operations required forthe efiicientf pulling-over, and theexamination of their.

nature will show that the first three operations are of the criticalkind, while the last two operations are of a purely. mechanical kind.

We will first refer to the critical opera tions.

1. The correct positioning of the upper on the last-This is one of theessential conditions for the proper work of pulling-' over, and must becarefullylooked after until the fastening of the upper on the last isproceeded with. In beginning the work of pulling, over, the upper whichby its out represents approximately the geometrical development of thesurface of the last should be placed in such position relatively to thelast that a proper fitting of thesame on the last is obtained. The meansfor'test .ing this proper fitting is the human eye.

so that the perfect fitting ofthe shoewill always dependon theindividual skill of the operator, it being impossible to provide for theautomatic centering of the boot, 0!.

and be as reliable,

on the lastwhich will answer as well,

as the skill of a work man. Inadequate gripping of the edge of I theupper by the p1ncers ,rtoo strong or weak a pull on the one or theotherpincers,

irregular tension of the upper and the like, 7

can however altogether destroy thexresult of the eflicient centering andtherefore continued observation and correction of the position of theupper by a competent operis rarely to; belfound, and especially sincethem afresh, so as to obtain the desired rea tor are required untilallthe critical operations are completed.

Since a really accurate cut of the upper the elastic qualities of theleather vary'within the Widest limits, automatic centering devices,which can only approximately replace the judgment of the human eye, areexcluded. Accordingly all actions which are directed toward the correctpositioning of the upper on the last and to the maintenance of the same,are critical operations.

2. The proper gripping 0f the edge of the upper by means of pincers orthe like.- After the proper mounting of the upper on the lastthe edge ofthe upper is seized by pincers, or similar tools, the most importantfeatures being the manner in which and the position where the pincersengage the leather. With heavy leather for instance more of the edge ofthe upper is grasped so that it can he held in a sufliciently firmmanner and does not tear. Light and delicate leathers are not held tothe same extent in the pincers, so that the upper can be made smallerand a saving of the costly leather, effected. Frequently it may benecessary, as in the case of a faulty cut that the leather should beheld to a greater width in one pincers and not so much in the otherpincers. It is of special importance that the pincers act on the properpart of the upper as on this particularly depend the amount and thequality of the lasting act-ion in the pulling-over operation. Theseconsiderations, which vary almost with every shoe, can only be judgedwith sufiicientaccuracy by the workman, and taken into considerationduring the pulling over operation, especially as irregularities donotmanifest themselves at once but only during the course of the work. Itis in consequence necessary to frequently release the pincers and attachsult. From the preceding statements it follows that the gripping of theupper by pincers or the like is also a critical operation.

3. Drawing the upper ever the last until the set of the leather is0btained.If the pincers have taken a proper hold of the edge of theupper, a suitable movement of the pincers relatively to the last causesthe upper to be drawn over the last with that definite strain which issufficient" to cause the parts of the upper subjected to the pull of thepincers to lie snugly onthe surface of the last, so stretching theleather that a further pull might cause tearing. In the manufacture ofuppers, the most diverse qualities of leather are used, as well as othersub stances such as felt. canvas, 'and the like. These materials differgreatly from each other in their elastic properties and even in the samekind of leather there are such variations the elasticity of the materialused that forffine boot or shoe work it is indispensable to pull overand last each individual shoe or boot exactly according to the elasticproperties of its upper leather, thatis to say, the leather should bepulled with a force of definite magnitude-varying for each boot or shoe,so that the dipper leather is in each case-stretched a definite amountwhich varies with each boot or shoe. If this were notobserved, the upperwould either be torn or damaged in other ways during lasting, or itwould not sit tightly enough on the last. Automatically pulling pincerscan never meet these manifold requirements in the same manner as thehand operator. strain of the pincers would not alter this state ofaffairs as the amount of force required cannot be known in advance. Thesensitive touch in the hand or foot of 4 a workman, which becomes awareof every peculiarity of the elastic properties of the leather or othermaterial instantly makes allowance for the same in the pulling overoperation, is a quality which can never be imparted to an automaticallyworking force. It is therefore obvious that this constitutes a criticaloperation of primary importance, which is by no means performed by themere stretching of the leather. Indeed, the operator must during thepulling of the' leather be especially carefulnot to pull the upperobliquely on the last. If however that does occurand it is only avoidedin exceptional casesthe upper must be brought back to its correctposition and this can only properly accomplished if the tension oneth'eupper be fully or partly released and renewed as required after theupper has been re-adjusted as required. At the same time the previouscritical operations are mostly repeated to a greater or less extent, andnecessitate such a complicated-interaction of all the criticaloperations needed for the perfect pullingover, that only the workman,

utilizing every impression he receives in the course of the work fordirecting such actions, is capable of fully controlling the sit1i- 5;Feeding, gripping and driving in the An adjustment of the pulling" nailsfor fastening the edge of the upper en to the bottom of the last or theinner sole.

If the upper has been pulled straight and correctly over the last, aperfect pulling over operation will be obtained, provided that care istaken to maintain the state of rest and to render it permanent: Theoperations be thenceforth eflected must be directed toward obtainingthis definite state so that the work can be then completed with out theneed of the skilled workman. They have no technological object to fulfiland Y oven'by out 1n various ways as regards matters of of the upper onto the bottom of the last or e of tension obtained-in this way'and'main-' the inner sole. The pulling and the tacking alternate and thesequence of the pulls as regards direction are' not identical in all.

cases, but the small;deviations are unimportant, such for example aswhether the tack- .ing on the pulling of the upper is first start.-

ed with. The essential feature of the hand process is that the workmanarranges his pulls as regards strength, direction, and points ofapplication, in accordance with the consideration of the fact that theupper should be so manipulated, wherever possible, in three pulls, as tolie straight on the last,

and to fit closely to the shape of the, latter over as large an extentas possible, the state.

tained temporarily by tacking leading to a permanent change of form. Thesecond group of pulling over operationsis represented by the operationsof the v 'ous pulling over machines. These all h ve for their object tocause the manipulations for effecting the engagement of. the

pincers with the leather to be performed autornatically by the machine;even in these cases howeversome manipulations have still to be performedby the machine attendant. The result is an unsystematic series ofpulling' over operations efi'ected without method, bein partly automaticand partly effected by 51o operator regardless as to whether theirnature is critical or mechanical, and

the work so producedby these machines is very inferior to that done byhand.

According to the present invention we adopt for the first time'operations based upon a scientific examination of the handmethod, whichso coiirdinates the actions of ulling over that the machine actuallyproduces the same effect as the handworker, eveii surpassing him. Theoperations will notof course correspond as regards the order of thesteps in the hand operations, for thernachine can multiply the two handsof anQoperator to any required extent, but as it cannot withoutdifliculty correct the operaticns which the constantly varying condi ofthe upper demand,-

tions of the treatment it becomes necessary to so contrive a me chanicalpulling over op'eration-thatallthe critical operatlons are combined inone interval of time, so that the necessary correctionscan, be effectedbefore the machine. at!- complishesthe subsequent operations whichprevent such correctlons' being made. cord ngly, the new ullin overoperation the followlngc aracteristics: 1.

e pulling over takes-place in two 'se arate mtervals, of time, in thefirst of which the critical operations take place,- while in the secondonly the mechamcal operations a take place. 2. The whole of the critical0 era'tions can accordin to their nature corrected at any time lntheirindividual or their joint action until the whole-effect resulting fromthis joint action is satisfactory.

.3. It is onlyafter all the critical operations have been satisfactorilyeffected that the mechanical operations are carried out. It will beapparent-that this process possesses an important advantage over thehand process, inasmuch as the total effect of the whole of the criticaloperations can be rectified with the greatest case, which is not thecase with hand work, wherein the effect of each separate pull ismaintained by the immediate tacking of the upper, which involves therisk vof each separate pull requiring "to -be corrected again withinthe" compass of the total effect of all the pulls.

The machine forming the'object of this invention effects the pullingover process just described. It operates in-two different periods, thefirst of which is unlimited'as regards time, its duration depending onthe general characteristics of the leather to betreated and the personalaptitude of the operator just as in hand work. Its inderj pendence asregards time-is required, because during this period onlycritical'operations are performed, theduration ofwhi'ch can never beforeseen. if the objectof complete work is toreceive full attention; Thenature of the critical-operations determined by the operator'and varyingin their duration and sequence and which, if necessary, must be repeateduntil all the conditions for a perfect pulling over are fulfilled,excludes an automatic operation of the machine during this first period.Consequently the motor for driving the machine is, in accordance withthis invention, disconnected during the period of the criticaloperations the power and the regulation being effected by the operator.At the same time, only small demands are made on his strength andability, the energy expended by him being multipli'ed and applied by themachine as required. I

After completion of the period occupied by the critical operations theirtotal effect is automatically maintainedv 'y the actuation button,whereupon the machine, being released and thrown into gear, begins atonce to execute the mechanical operations which are completed in a fewseconds without requiring any intervention from the operator. After thecompletion of the period of the mechanical operations, the boot or shoeis automatically raised from the machine, until finally the machine isautomatically brought to rest. This does not take place, as in the knownpulling-over machines, always in the same position, but in consequenceof a special adjustment, during the mechanical operations, it occurssooner or later in that position of the machine in which it is possibleto place the next upper to be pulled over on to the pincers, whether itbe small or large. In consequence of this the operator can proceed withthe pulling over of the next upper immediately the machine comes torest. Further adjustments of the mechanical operations of the machineare only required when the size and form of the lasts change within widelimits or when uppers of entirely different material are to be dealtwith.

In the operation of the machine the upper after being placed over thelast is tacked, if necessary, by means of a pin to the inner sole at theheel. It is held by three pincers one of which is provided at the toeand the other two, one on each side. These pincers are kept constantlyclosed by the action of a spring, but can be opened at any time bypedals, preferably two, one of which operates the toe pincers, while theother pedal operates both the side pincers. In this way it. is possiblefor the operator during the whole period of the critical operations toremove the leather from the pincers and to engage it again, if sorequired.

The operator first places the upper which he grasps with both hands inthe vicinity of the instep so as to be properly centered in the toepincers. If he does not succeed in doing this at once, he can by keepinghis foot on the pedal hold the toe pincers open and so shift the upperto the right or to the left and place it more or less deeply in the awsof the pincers until it sits as required. If he releases the pedal theupper is engaged by the pincers. The force with which the upper is heldby the pincers can be varied within any required limits by constructingthe pincers as hereinafter described so thateven the stifl'est leatheris grasped firmly, while the most delicate leather is not damaged. Theupper is then introduced in a similar manner into the two side pincerswhich are held open by the econd pedal. Thus it can be adjusted to theright or left or on both sides forwardly or backwardly by pushing itoptionally with the right, or with the left hand or with both hands andin like manner can be inserted into the pincers to a greater or lessextent. The operator can also, as in most of the so-called bed lastingmachines, set one of the side pincers farther forward or fartherbackward than the other side pincers, thereby controlling to a greatextent the seating of the upper and the proper lasting effect of thepulling over. This adjustment of the side pincers at any place can alsobe effected by the operator during the whole period of criticaloperations. After the second pedal has been released the upper is firmlyengaged by all three pincers and is now tightly stretched over the lastby being pulled almost perpendicularly to the edge thereof, this beingefl'ected by means of a third pulling over pedal of the machine. lVhenthe operator depresses this pedal, the last is pressed into the upperwith such a force that the upper from the toe to the instep, liesclosely on the last and is fully stretched everywhere. By pressing moreor less on the pedal the operator is in a position to adjust the pullexerted on the upper in accordance with the elastic properties of thelatter. It is in this case of special value that he should be able torelease at will the tension and renew it and feel with his bands, whichare both free, whether the upper lies well and tightly everywhere on thelast. If after being put on the last the upper should sit obliquely, theoperator can reduce the tension and set either of the pincers at anotherplace or in another way, or he can by press.- ing hisfoot on the pullover pedal malntain the tension to a similar or less degree and shiftoneor both pincerstforward or backward to thereby shift the upper back tothe right position, the toe pincers being in the open or closedposition. If the upper fits correctly and firmly on the last, theoperator presses a button or like device, whereupon the upper and lastremain in their position and the pulling over pedal is released. Thiscompletes the critical operations. The operator then throws the machineinto gear by means 0 a hand lever, whereupon the pincers travelautomatically under the inner sole, thereby laying the upper leatherover the edge of the last. At the same time the last is lowered, untilit rests firmly on the pincers, and when it has reached this-itsinnermost position-it is pressed firmly on the pincers by a leatherroller which bears on the toe of the shoe, this roller being designatedhereinafter as the upper last presser. side pincers each drive in twonails, while the toe pincers drive in one or two nails, these nailsconnecting the upper with the inner sole. The upper last presser thenrises again and the pincers re-open to release the shoe and to allow itto be raised by the sole presser, so that the pincers can Thereupon the,

move outwardly without hindrance. Th'e pincers remain stationary for ashort time in'their outer position until they are filledwith nails whenthey again move inwardly to such an extent" that their jaws stand nearlyperpendicular under the edge of the last of the next shoe. Then themachine comes automatically .to'rest and the operator can proceed atonce to place the next upper in position.- If this be larger or smallerthan the previous one, the operator, after throwing out the previousshoe, has only to turn a wheel a small degree, whereuponv the machinecomes to rest in another position corresponding tothe size of the shoe.

In the accompanying drawing which forms part of this specification theinvention is illustrated in detail.

Referring to the drawing, Figure 1 shows a front view of the machineconstructed according to this invention. Fig.2 is a side view of thesame, Fig. 3 is a view of the table from below, Fig. 4 shows separatelythe pincers and the gear connected to them and also thepincer-catchersand the nail feeding device. Fig. 4 shows the geometrical shape. ofpincer jaws with the leather in position. Fig. LP-illustrates themovability ofthe pincers in the longitudinal direction. Fig. 4illustrates the pincers and their operative mechanism in side elevation.Fig. 5 shows the sole presser and gear connected thereto. Figs. 6 to 6show the heel sup- Eprt and its connection with the sole'presser.

igs..7 to 7 show separately the upper last resser. Figs. 8 and 8 showthe nail drum and the gear for the distribution of the nails. Fig. 9 isa plan view of the nail distributing slide.

1. The pincers and their opening mechanism, (Fig. 4.)-On av foundationplate 1 are two standards 2 and 3 which support the table 4 and areconnected together by a cross stay 5- (Fig. 1). The table (Fig. 3) isprovided with a longitudinal and a transverse slot. In the former swingthe toe pincers and in the latter the two side pinoer s, these threepincers being all of the same construction. The pincers consist of abody 6 and the pincers driver 7. The pincers body carries the pincersproper, formed by fixed jaw 8 (Fig. 4) and a movable jaw 9. The latteris pivotally mounted on the body 6 by means of the pin 92. Both jaws aretoothed in longitudinal and transverse directions, the teeth however arenot sh p as in most of the pincers or the like of l asting machines, butin accordance with this invention are made to present a sinuous profileas shown in Fig. 4'.

Sharp teeth enter the body of the leather and hold it fast in the sameway as hooks do,'when it is almost impossible to prevent the leatherbeing out if not entirely torn at the places where the sharp edges ofthe teeth meet the leather, in whichv event the leather is no longerfirmly held. In the present arrangement the profile of the teeth issinuous as shown in Fig. 4, and gaps are so formed that they do not fiteach other exactly,- "but are equidistant from one-another by an amountcorresponding to about the average thickness of the leather for whichthe jaws are to be used. The firm holding of the leather by means ofthese jaws is effected exclusively by the friction, which, owing to thespecial shape of the profile of the teeth, is increased to its great estvalue possible for toothed jaws without the leather being therebydamaged or cut in any way. The holding power of these teeth is based onthe well known laws of mechanics relating to the friction of ropes orbelts coiled over drums or the like. Asv shown in Fig. 4" the arc ofcontact is 180 for each tooth, that is, the maximum value which it canattain in the present case. 11 it be assumed that the lowermost toothholds the leather with a force is, then this force j willjoe increasedat each upper successive tooth to a degree depending, on the magni tudeof the arc of cont-act, so that for the number of teeth assumed in Fig.4* the total force K is twenty-times is. For very. stifi leather thepitch of the jaw teeth is a coarse one, while a finer pitch is used fordelicate leather. 7

The operationof theloose jaw 9 is efl'ected by a link mechanism with adead-point locking device when the pincers are closed.

It consists of the pincers jaws 9, crank 10, coupler 11, and therelatively stationary'web formed by the pincers body 6 and the link 13attached thereto. The crank 10 is connected to the pincers body6 bymeans of the link 18 and the pins 12 and 14. This crank is revolveddownwardly about its pivot 12, which usually remains stationary, by thepull of the rod 17, the latter being jointed to the lever 18. In thismanner the coupler 11 which engages with both sides of the pincers jaw9, and the crank 10 are moved from their dead center position,

crossing one another at an acute angle. This motion of the crank causesthe pincers jaw 9 to swing about its pivot toward theleft, thus openingthe pincers. When the mechanism is in the dead center-position, coupler11 can execute a movement either upwardly or downwardly. Owing to..th1sarrangement the spring 15, which is compressed when the leather isengaged, by the pincers, can be adjusted to exertany force requiredwithout offering any difliculty tothe open: ing and closingof thepincers. It is only necessary to adjust the.l1nk13..and sprlng '15 bymeansof the screw 16 so that the resistance of the movable-'jaw 9 onclosing will not come into play until. themechanism is approaching itsdead-center position. In this manner it is possible to close the pincersby a comparatively light spring 23 against the action of a heavy spring15, and also to open the said pincers by means of the foot leverconnected to the rod 24. The locking of the device in its dead-centerposition is attained, after the mechanism is brought into this position,by the holding efi'ect of the spring 23. This spring prevents themechanism from being moved out of its dead-center position, the treadle27 connected to the rod 24 and carrying the roller- 28, adapted to bearagainst the cam 29, thereby preventing the lever from moving farther.The screw 16 permits a certain amount of initial tension to be given tothe spring 15, thereby determining the holding power of the pincers. Ifthis holding power is to'be increased, the length of the spring underinitial tension can be reduced by the insertion of a small washer. Inthis way it is possible to regulate the holding power of the pincerswithin the widest limits. At the same time this arrangement of thepincers also presents the advantage that the pincers quite automaticallygrip thick leather which in pulling over requires a much stronger holdwith a firmergrasp; in such a case the spring 15 has a greater tensionin the dead center position of the pincers closing mechanism. The springis made suiliciently strong so that small variations in the compressioncause important variations in the tension. The powe f 'expended inclosing the pincers is very small, as the gear used in connectiontherewith operates through atoggle arrangement. It is only necessary tocom press the spring 15 by means of the screw 16 to such an amount thatit oifers resistance to the closing of the pincers only when the crank10 approximates its dead center. By this means the pincers can be openedas easily as they can be closed, whether their holding power be great orsmall.

The forked rod 17 is jointed at its lower end to a lever 18 keyed on aspindle 19 (Figs. 4, 1 and 3). This spindle is pivotally mounted inbrackets 20 on the table 4, and carries in addition to the lever 18' thetwo levers 21 and 22 which are likewise secured to it. To the lever.Qliis attached a spring 23 secured to the.s tamards 2 and 3 for holdingthe pincers closed, 2'. e. keeping the opening gear in the dead centerposition as will be hereinafter further described. The lever 22, asshown in Figs. 1 and 2, is jointed to a rod 24 which runs in a downwarddirection on the right hand side of the machine (Fig. 1) and isconnected to a lever 25 secured to the shaft 26. On this shaft is keyedthe pedal lever 27 from which the rod 24 is conducted towardthe openinggear of the left hand side pincers.

same time, but if he releases the pedal both s1 pincers are closed underthe action of the springs 23 (Fig. 4).

In order that the side pincers may open automatically after the shoe hasbeen tacked, the lever 27 carries a roller 28 which runs on a cam disk29 mounted on the main shaft 30 of the machine and makes with it onerevolution during each full working cycle of the machine. At the propermoment the cam disk 29 presses the lever 27 and also the lever 25downward through the medium of the shaft 26 and thereby opensautomatically the side pincers causing them to close again during theiroutward movement. The curve of the disk 29 is of such shape that itkeeps the pincers opening gear constantly in the dead center position,in which the roller 28 is kept pressed on it by the tension of thesprings 23. If however the operator presses on the pedal of the lever27, the roller is raised away from the cam.

The opening mechanism for the toe pincers is the same as that for theside pincers, only in this case the forked lever 17 is jointed to thelever 31 (Figs. 2 and 3) which like the levers 32 and 33 is keyed on thepincers opening shaft 34, which in its turn is pivoted in brackets 35and 36 on the table 4. To the lever 35 is connected the toe pincersclosing spring 37 which is attached at one end to the standard 2. Fromthe lever 32 runs a rod 38 to the pedal 39 by means of which theoperator opens the toe pincers, while it is closed by the spring 37. Thelever 39 also carries a roller 40 running on a cam disk 41, whichautomatically opens the toe pincers in the same manner and at the sametime as the side pincers closing them by the pull of the spring 37 andmaintaining the opening gear of the toe pincers in its dead centerposition. In this case also the roller 40 is raised away from the curvewhen the operator actuates the pedal 39.

2. The movement of the pincers, (Fig. 4.)The body 6 of the side pincersis pivotally mounted on the spindle 50 resting-in bearings 51 and 52,the importance of which will be described farther on. The bearings 51and 52 are bolted to the table 4. The pincers body 6 is embraced by thepincers driver 7 of U-shape section (Figs. 4, 1 and 3) and is connectedto it as follows: The two side jaws of the pincers-driver carry each attheir upper part a pin 53 from which lead two symmetrically arrangedulling members 54. The members are joiiite to the pin of a slide 55 on aguiding rod 56, which is jointed by means of pins 57 to the incers body6. In the relative position of e incers body and pincers driverillustrat by Fig. 4, the axes 53 and 54 are coincident.

Around the rod 56 is a s ring 58 which bears hand side pincers of Fig.4) so far toward the left until the pin 59 lies against the left handedge of the slot 60, as the pincers body and pincers driver accomplish asmall relative motion on the axis of the spindle 50. In this way anelastic connection is provided between the pincers body and the pincersdriver, the yielding power of which can be varied as required byadjusting the tension of the spri g 58.." The purpose of thiscontrivance wi 1 be obvious from the following description: The pincersdriving members have on both sides a hollow pin 61 through which passesthe spindle 50 which is supported in the bearings 51 and 52. The pincersbody and the pincers driver thus have co-axial pivots. The driving ofthe pincers is so effected by the incers driver that the pincers have anoscillating motion on the spindle 50. To effect this the pincers driver7 carries at its lower part and on both sides a pin 62 jointed to aforked rod 63 whose other end engages a in 64 on a sleeve 65, whichsleeve can slide along a guiding bolt 66 which bears at the top on thetable 4 and at the bottom on the cross stay 5. On the sleeve below thecross stay 5 is a nut 65' provided with pins 67 engaging two links'68.These links are pivotally connec ed at their lower end by a pin 69'toalever 70 which is pivotally mounted on the shaft 26 and carries a roller78 engaging with a cam disk 71. By means of this canndisk the lever 70and sleeve 65 are so moved-"hp and down that the pincers,

manner as above described to the sleeve 65 by means of forked rods 63,accomplish a definite oscillating motion outward and inward on the axesof the spindles. In order to insure that the upper leather is reallyfirmly pulled during the nailing operation, a toggle joint action isinserted in the pincers driving mechanism, the forked rods 63 beingnearly at right angles to the axis of the sleeve 65, when they occupytheir nnermost position.

The'transmission of the power exerted by the cam disk 71, from thepincers driver to thepincers body is effected by the hereinbefore jdescribed connection by means of the spring 58 whose purpose it is toinsure a uniform tensile'stress on the leather during. the This is ofpincers driver eat force by v0, and the special importance when the isbeing driven inward with the toggle-gear mentioned a which are all threeconnected in analogous pivot edge of the upper is already so stretchedthat it is not capable of further extension, and would only tear. Inorder to avoid this tearing, the guiding rod 56 extends through ,a holein the pin 72 pivotally mounted in small bearings 73 provided on thetable 4. The rod 56 is provided at its outer end-with a screw thread andcarries an abutment hut with lock'nut 75. The'abutment nut can be soadjusted by the operator that the pincers body only reaches apredetermined innermost position corresponding to the width of the last,while the' pincers driver accompiishes the latter part of its movementand are on the spring 58. This increased compression of the spring isnot transmitted to the leather but is taken up by the bearings 73', asthe nut 74 presses on a piece of tubing 77 whichin its turn presses onthe'pin 72. In this way the movement of the pincers is accuratelylimited according to the size of the shoe, and a uniform ad ustablelimit of the stress on the leather which can never be exceeded duringthe automatic working .period of the machine is obtained.

The driving of the second pair of side pincers is identical with the.first already described, while the driving of the toe pincers is alsoeflectedin the same manner. But in this case the spindle 76 lies alittle farther below the table 4 so that it passes under the twospindles 50. Its connection to the sleeve 65 is likewise effected by arod 63.

In order to render possible the shifting, on the last, of the upperswhen these are in a stretched or unstretched state, the present machineis so contrived that the side pincers can be shifted to and fro on thespindles 50, the connected rods for displacing and 0 ening the pincersmoving also with them. ig. 4' shows the devices provided for effectingthis shifting of the side pincers at any time during the criticaloperations. As already stated the side pincers are pivotally mounted onthe spindles 50 (Fig. 4), but can move in the longitudinal direction ofthe said spindles only with the latter owing to the provision of the camdisks 88 fixed upon: the spindles (as hereinafter referred to). Betweenthe bearings 51 and '52 supporting the spindle 50, these side pincershave as much play as is required for their movability- The shifting gearacts on thespindle50 by means of a sleeve 0. encircling it, and iscapable of being shifted to the right or to the left by means of acollar d pivotally mounted .on' 'a' pin 1) on the slotted lever 0 whenthis lever oscillates to the right or to the left on its which turns ona bracket e fixed to the'stationary table 4. I Motion is imparted to;the leverc by the operator'through the medium of a. hand lever g'securedto '0. The slot in the lever 0 shown in Fig. 4", together side pincersafter being shifted to their middle position before they enter thepincers catcher 244, (Fig. 4) hereinafter more fully described. This iseffected by making the slot of the link 0, at those positions of theside incers in which they have to be shifted, so wide that the requiredshifting can take place without its being prevented by th roller is ofthe lever 11. (see the dot and dash,

position of I). and k). If however the side pincershave arrived at adefinite position outside, the roller enters gradually the narrower partof the slotted lever which can thus be returned to its middle positiontogether with the spindle 50 and side pincers.

The motion of the lever k which is mounted pivotally on a spindle lresting in brackets on the cross stay is eifected by a lever z keyed tothe spindle Z. This lever i is provided with a roller m pressedconstantly by a spring n on the collar 0 of a" sleeve 12 screwed on thesleeve 65 of the pincers motion.

' While the part 9 of lever i is usually pressed on the correspondingsupportr on cross stay -5 by the pull of a spring 11., collar 0 in itsupward motion (2'. e. in the upward motion of the pincers) carries withit the roller m and .also the levers z andh to a definite position andeffects during the movement of the le vers h and i from their positionshown in dash and dotted lines, the'centering of the pincers whentheyreach the position shown in full lines.

The levers c and 1. are symmetrically loside pincers.

3. The nailing device, (Fig. 4.)After the pincers have reached theirinnermost position and the shoe is held fast on the pincers by the upperlast presser, two nails are driven on each side, and one or two on thetoe to fasten the upper leather to the innersole by means of thefollowing device: The stationary jaw 8 is provided with one or two holesof about the diameter of the nail head which are filled up by a hammerThe ha mers are connected by means of the press re plate -81 and nose 82firmly with the hammer handle 83 which can slide up-and down in-alongitudinal groove of a thepincers body 6, and is held outwardly by twoguiding plates 90. It carries at its lower end several leather washers84 which rest on a nut 85 and lock-nut 86. When the ends of the hammers8O intersect the upper edge of the pincers jaw 8, the leather washersbear on the pincers body 6. The hammer handle 83 carries a projection 87which engages with a cam disk 88 ri 'dly connected with the spindle 50(Fig. 4),

thereby raising the hammer rod. .This puts in tensiona spring 89 whichat one end is attached to a pin 91 on the hammer rod 83 and at the otherend to the bolt 92 which carries the loose pincers 5w 9. On the spindle50 being rotated, the locking projection on the disk 88 reaches thetappet, the hammer actuated by the spring 89 drives the nails lying onthe hammers with heads downward so powerfully into the upper andinnersole that they become riveted on the steel bottom of the last. Inthis case the upward stroke of the hammer is limited by the leatherwashers 84 which at the same time take up the momentum of the blow anddeaden the sound. Thereupon thehammer rod is at, once raised by the cam,the said spindle accomplishing in each working period of the machine afull revolution, which takes place during one sixth of a revolution ofthe main shaft 30.

The nailing device just described is applied in a similar manner to eachof the three pincers and is actuated for all three by a singlemechanism. For this purpose the two spindles 5O carry near the brackets52 a helical wheel 93 (Fig. 3) meshing with a helical wheel 94 on thespindle 76 of the toe pincers, which helical wheels are supported by thebrackets 52.. The spindle 76 is prolonged on one side (Figs. 1 and 3)and near the standard 3 is further supported by a bracket 95 bolted tothe table 4, carrying near the bracket a toothed wheel 96. \Vith thiswheel engages a second toothed wheel 97 of the same size, also rotatingin the bracket 95, and driven by a wheel 98 which is six times its size(Figs. 1 and 2). The said wheel 98 is mounted on a pin 99 secured to thestandard 3 and is provided with six radiating projections 100 againstwhich bears a roller 101 which moves the wheel 98 one sixth of arevolution for each revolution of the main shaft 30, as itcomes eachtime into engagement with one of the six projections. The roller 101 ismounted on a pin 102 which is screwed into a disk 103 keyed. on the mainshaft 30.

.4. The sole presser, (Figs. 5 and 6 to 6.)The stretching of the upperleather on the last is effected in such a manner that a nresser bearsfrom below against the inner sole and thereby forces the last into theupper while the latter is firmly held by the pincers standing nearlyvertically below the edge of the last. This sole presser consists of asliding piece 110 provided with an interchangeable head 111 (Figs. 1, 2,and 6 to 6 The sliding piece 110 is guided in the table 4 by its lowercylindrical shank the shape of its head preventing a turning of thesame-through a bracket 112 bolted to the table 4 and lies, during theinsertion of the upper into the pincers, so low that this task can beeasily performed. The lifting and lowering of the sliding piece iseffected through a two-armed lever 113 which engages with the slidingpiece 110 by means of a pin 114 and die 115, and is supported on thebracket 112 by means of the pin 116,

. lever 119 to which it is connected by the bolt 120. When the operatordepresses the :pedal 121 of the pulling over lever 119' while themachine is at rest, he presses the last into the upper with a forcevarying with the gear ratio which can be altered by shifting the bolt120 to another hole so as .to stretch the upper leather more or lesswhile'with both hands he tests the tension. If the upper fits the lastto his satisfaction, he presses on the knob 112 (Fig. 5), therebylowering the rod 123 and actuating the bell crank 124 pivotally'connected to the foundation plate 1, so thatthrough the medium of therod 125 a cam disk 126 is turned to such anextent that the cam releasesthe rack 127. This rack is now pulled by the tension of the spring 128which is attached to the rack 140 into a forward position, turning onthe pin 129 of'the link 130.- In this position it engages with thepawl-shaped end of the lever 119 and holds the latter stationary initspresent position by virtue of the tension on the spring 128. The objectof this an rangementis to keep the tension, imparted to the upper by theoperator, as constant as possible during the automatic working of themachine which isefiected as will now be explained.

The spring 128 is attached to a bolt 131 on the two armed lever 132 andcan as required be given an initial tension by the abutment screw 133pressing down the link 130 from above. The link 130 is pivotallyinountedron the pin 134 in the bracket 137 and the pulling over lever ispivoted at 135 to the same bracket, which is bolted to the foundationplate 1, while the lever 132 is pivoted by means of a pin 136 to thecurved arm 144 secured to the stationary shaft 165. As soon as theoperator has finished the critical operations and thrown the machineinto gear to work automatically, the pincers move approximatelyhorizontally belowthe inner sole and draw the last vertically downwarduintil the lap or edgefif the upper be fully laid on the inner sole andthe last bears firmly on all three pincers; If now the tension in theupper and especially the tension produced in the lap b the operatorduring the inner motion 0 the pincers isto be kept constant, theresistance which the last opposes in its descent to: the motion of thepincers must decrease and theoretically :become zero according to a lawdetermined by lies on the pincers. The latter part of the downwardmotion of the sole pres'ser is in the', present machine no longer leftto the incers pull, but providedffor'by an upper ast presser(hereinafter described) which presses the sole presser so far downwardthe velocity ratlo of sole' presser and pmcers as soon as the innersoleagainst a resistance of definite magnitude, that the last restsfirmly and securely on all the three pincers.

presser as it exists at'the beginning of the l inward motion of thepincers, is obtained by causing the spring 128 to be distended in ac?cordance with the aforesaid laws, while the last and consequently thelocking rack 127 and the engaged locking tooth of the pulling-over lever119 are lowered. For this purpose the two arm lever 132 carries at itsleft hand end a roller 138 which bears on a cam disk 139. This cam diskis keyed on the main shaft 30 and its contour is such that the roller138 rises the same amount as the last sinks, and yet in such a mannerthat the pin 131 sinks more rapidly than the bolt 140, thereby causing areduction of the tension on spring 128 and a reduction in the resistanceof the sole presser. Small differences are compensated for by theelasticity of the spring 128.

After the nailingis effected and the pincers have opened for the releaseof the upper, the roller 138 is lowered again by the cam disk 139,thereby raising the locking rack 127 with the lever 119 and sole presserand shoe itself, so that the latter can be entirely liberated. from thepincers jaws and removed by the workman without difiiculty. v:At thesame time the spring 128 is again put under its initial tension as thelink 130 bears on the abutment screw 133. Shortly before the machinestops, the rod 123 is automatically lifted by a projection 141 providedon the cam disk 71, so that the locking rack 127 is disengaged from the"pawl 142, whereupon the pedal of the pulling over lever 119 is raisedagain to its highest position by a spring 143 which is of sulficientstrength to overcome the opposing weights. After the machine is stoppedthe operator can again use the pulling over lever 119 in thehereinbefore described manner.

5. The a per last p'r'esser, (Figs. 7 to 7 .)In or er to press the lastfirmly against the pincers during the nailing operation, an upper lastpresser is provided (as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 7 to 7) which consistsof lamina-like leather disks forming a roller 150. This roller ismounted on the free end of an arm consisting of two links 151 piv otedon the in 72 of the toe pincers (Figs. 7 to 7). hilethemachine is atrest the roller 150 is at such a height"above the the machine of theshoe mediately afterthe hammer blow; The as by the followingarrangement.

The decrease of the resistance of the sole pince'rs, that-it does notstand "in thewa-y'of the hand or sight of theflopera'tor. When isthi'own into gear, the rollerbegins to sink so as to bear pnthe toe end"j before the nailing operation is started, the roller leavingfthe'tpeend imcillating motion of the arms151 is ca lised its

